平流层飞艇艇身外形研究

为了完成特定的任务,平流层飞艇需要克服风场保持长期定点,因此要求其阻力最小。飞艇总阻力中艇身阻力占60-70%,因此对飞艇而言,针对艇身外形进行研究得到阻力小而且实际可用的外形是非常重要。本文采用势流-边界层耦合方法与混合遗传算法对平流层飞艇艇身的外形进行了优化。外部势流采用在艇身表面分布点源的Hess\|Smith面元法求解,边界层计算采用积分边界层方法,阻力系数采用
Squire\|Young方法计算得到。最优外形通过由遗传算法和Nelder\|Mead单纯形法组成的混合遗传算法优化得到。通过优化分析得到了一种实际可用的优化外形,具有在湍流和层流两种流态下阻力系数都比较小的优点。     

重型燃气轮机压气机高雷诺数前转捩叶型设计

针对重型燃气轮机压气机雷诺数高而导致的转捩位置前移,开发了一种比可控扩散叶型(CDA)损失更小、工作范围更宽的前转捩叶型.采用正问题优化设计方法,将叶型几何参数化、叶片到叶片流场分析与遗传算法相结合,实现了叶型的自动优化.优化目标综合权衡了叶型损失和攻角范围,为减少优化变量的数目,应用了一种特别的叶型几何模型,将厚度分布与中弧线之间进行了一定的关联.优化得到的前转捩叶型的主要特征是吸力面速度峰值的位置前移至距前缘约10%弦长处,叶型中后部的速度变化更为平缓.最后根据优化结果总结了前转捩叶型的设计规律.      

武汉上空钠层与钾层的同时激光雷达观测

简要介绍了(WIPM)双波长共振荧光激光雷达系统和数据处理方法, 并利用其对武汉上空钠层和钾层进行了多天的同时观测, 通过对钠层和钾层的绝对数密度、柱密度以及质心高度的计算, 同时与中纬度其他地区的相关参数进行比较,得出武汉上空钠层的绝对数密度、柱密度以及质心高度与其他中纬度地区十分相近的结论, 并且发现了一个钠层突发和钾层突发不同时出现的现象.      

低雷诺数涡轮叶片边界层转捩及分离特性测量

低雷诺数工作条件下涡轮流场特征及其控制设计,是航空发动机低压涡轮部件设计的难点和重点。针对低雷诺数涡轮叶栅流场开展了实验研究工作,利用油流显示、表面静压、边界层压力探针等测量手段研究了涡轮叶片边界层的分离和转捩。结果表明雷诺数降低导致了流动损失的增大,且存在一个临界雷诺数。当雷诺数小于临界雷诺数时,发生在吸力面的流动分离是开式的层流分离泡,不会再附与叶片;当雷诺数大于临界雷诺数时,分离流会在尾缘前重新附着于叶片吸力面,形成闭式分离泡。随着雷诺数的减小,出口尾迹变宽,出口流动损失、出口速度亏损和出口气流角偏离增大,尾迹中心向吸力面方向移动。     

Assessment of Two Turbulence Models and Some Compressibility Corrections for Hypersonic Compression Comers by High-order Difference Schemes

The Spalart-Allmaras (S-A) turbulence model,the shear-stress transport (SST) turbulenee model and their compressibility corrections are revaluated for hypersonic compression corner flows by using high-...     

超燃冲压发动机前体边界层转捩风洞试验方法

吸气式高超声速飞行器前体边界层强迫转捩研究是各国高超声速研究计划的重要内容之一。本文归纳总结了美国开展Hyper-X前体边界层强迫转捩研究风洞设备的选则依据和选用的主要风洞;归纳了各风洞在超燃冲压发动机前体边界层强迫转捩试验中采用的主要测量和显示技术;分析了强迫转捩扰流装置设计过程中,风洞试验研究采用的方法。     

Numerical study of compression corner flowfield using Gao-Yong turbulence model

A numerical simulation of shock wave turbulent boundary layer interaction induced by a 24° compression corner based on Gao-Yong compressible turbulence model was presented.The convection terms and the diffusion terms were calculated using the second-order AUSM (advection upstream splitting method) scheme and the second-order central difference scheme,respectively.The Runge-Kutta time marching method was employed to solve the governing equations for steady state solutions.Significant flow separation-region which indicates highly non-isotropic turbulence structure has been found in the present work due to intensity interaction under the 24° compression corner.Comparisons between the calculated results and experimental data have been carried out,including surface pressure distribution,boundary-layer static pressure profiles and mean velocity profiles.The numerical results agree well with the experimental values,which indicate Gao-Yong compressible turbulence model is suitable for the prediction of shock wave turbulent boundary layer interaction in two-dimensional compression corner flows.      

立楔诱导高超声速分离流动的被动控制研究

双模态超燃冲压发动机由于压力扰动可能发生不起动现象,造成推力严重下降,对飞行稳定性与飞行安全具有很强的破坏性.不起动初始阶段主要受到激波与边界层相互作用引起的流动分离影响,希望通过控制分离达到改善流动的目的.采用5阶特征型WENO(weighted essentially non-oscillator)格式与3阶TVD(total variation diminishing)型Runge-Kutta(R-K)格式的高精度数值方法,求解三维Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程,研究与分析了凸起物和被动吹吸两种被动控制方法对激波与边界层相互作用导致的高超声速流动分离现象的控制效果.结果表明:凸起物通过诱导流向涡形成,改变空间压力分布,减弱二次分离,影响分离结构;吹吸方式的被动控制技术通过平衡分离区与再附区之间的高低压差,降低逆压梯度,使压力分布与分离区域发生改变.      

熵层对高超声速二维钝楔气动参数的影响

采用薄激波层理论和流管质量守恒相结合的方法,分析了高超声速二维钝楔边界层外缘熵的分布规律,研究了熵层对边界层外缘密度、马赫数以及壁面气动加热等气动参数的影响.结果表明:边界层外缘熵在倒圆-肩部区下降最为剧烈,熵层对气动参数的影响在高超声速下不可忽略,特别是使转捩区和湍流区的气动加热增加约53.6%.因此,将表面流态控制在层流模式对高超声速飞行器热防护具有重要意义.      

Ionospheric disturbances on 8 September, 2010: Was it connected with the incoming moderate Chongqing earthquake?

Earthquake prediction stimulates the searches for a correlation between seismic activity and ionospheric anomalies. Contrary to common focuses on strong earthquakes, we report the ionospheric disturbances, 2 days before a moderate Ms = 4.7 Chongqing earthquake (29.4°N, 105.5°E, depth = 7.0 km, occurred at 21:21 LT, 10 September, 2010) with the data of ground-based ionosondes and IGS receivers. The data covering the period under the quiet geomagnetic conditions and a geomagnetic storm was analyzed with upper and lower bounds. It is found that there were significant enhancements of foF2 and total electron content (TEC) on the afternoon of 8 September, 2010, with a limited area close to the epicentre, which was different from the feature of ionospheric perturbations triggered by the geomagnetic storm on 15 September. Taking into account the heliogeomagnetical condition, we conclude that the observed ionospheric enhancements were very likely associated with the forthcoming moderate Chongqing earthquake, which implies that the relationship between the amplitudes of ionospheric disturbances and earthquakes is very complicated.